| 1. Governance, WHS Duties and PCBU Oversight for Rigging Activities |
- • Lack of clear assignment of WHS duties for rigging under WHS Act 2011 leading to gaps in accountability between PCBUs, principal contractors and subcontract rigging companies
- • Inadequate WHS governance framework for high risk construction work including basic, intermediate, advanced and offshore rigging
- • Failure to identify and manage overlapping duties where multiple PCBUs share a workplace (e.g. builders, crane companies, offshore operators, façade installers)
- • Insufficient consultation, cooperation and coordination arrangements between duty holders for complex lifts, offshore rigging and high-load tension line work
- • Inadequate WHS policy coverage for specialised rigging activities such as wire rope reeving, safe use of synthetic slings, tensioning cable guides and large awning installation
- • Absence of documented risk appetite and criteria for high-risk rigging operations (e.g. hoisting heavy components over public areas or occupied buildings)
- • Failure to ensure health and safety duties are met for remote and offshore rigging work including fatigue, isolation and emergency response
- • Inadequate verification that officers are exercising due diligence in relation to rigging risk (e.g. no structured WHS reporting, no rigging performance indicators)
|
| 2. Rigging Competency, Licensing, Training and Supervision |
- • Use of riggers or doggers without appropriate high risk work licences (basic, intermediate, advanced rigging) for the complexity of the task being undertaken
- • Inadequate verification of competency for specialised activities such as offshore rigging, tensioning rigging gear, safe use of high-load tension lines and synthetic sling usage
- • Insufficient training in current Australian Standards and manufacturer instructions for wire rope handling, wire rope reeving, shackles, slings and harness systems
- • Poor understanding of load dynamics when hoisting large-scale awnings or installing heavy granite or façade components resulting in unsafe rigging configurations
- • Supervisors lacking rigging-specific knowledge to effectively monitor and challenge unsafe systems of work
- • No structured refresher training program leading to skill fade in complex rigging calculations, tensioning systems and safe dogging communication
- • Contract and labour-hire riggers entering site without site-specific induction covering rigging and de-rigging operations, offshore conditions or unique lifting configurations
- • Inadequate training for emergency lowering, rescue, and failure scenarios of high-load tension lines and elevated harness-based rigging work
|
| 3. Rigging Design, Engineering and Lift Planning |
- • Absence of formal engineering review for complex lifts such as hoisting large-scale awnings, heavy granite components or modular sections using multiple lifting points
- • Reliance on informal or generic rigging arrangements not suited to site-specific constraints, offshore conditions or unusual geometries
- • Inadequate design of tensioning systems for cable guides, rigging gear and high-load tension lines causing overloading of components or anchors
- • Failure to consider dynamic effects, wind load, vessel or structure movement during offshore rigging work in the lift planning process
- • No documented lift plans or critical lift procedures for lifts over live plant, public areas, occupied buildings or critical infrastructure
- • Incorrect selection of rigging gear due to lack of engineering input on load paths, centre of gravity and sling angles
- • Inadequate assessment of supporting structures (e.g. awning fixings, building frames, anchor points) before applying rigging loads
- • Insufficient integration of rigging design with crane or hoist configuration leading to incompatible systems, restricted headroom or side loading
|
| 4. Procurement, Selection and Certification of Rigging Equipment |
- • Procurement of rigging gear (slings, shackles, chains, synthetic slings, wire ropes, tensioners) that is non-compliant with Australian Standards or unsuitable for high-load applications
- • Lack of system for ensuring traceability, certification and working load limit (WLL) markings on rigging components
- • Use of incompatible equipment combinations (e.g. mixing different grade chains, using unsuitable shackles with synthetic slings or high-load tension systems)
- • Inadequate control of offshore-rated equipment requirements such as corrosion resistance, protective coatings and specific certification
- • No centralised specification or approved products list, resulting in ad-hoc purchasing of low-quality or unverified rigging gear
- • Failure to procure manufacturer documentation and instructions necessary for safe use, inspection and tensioning procedures
- • Inconsistent quality of harnesses and fall-arrest equipment used in conjunction with rigging tasks at height
- • Inadequate consideration of storage and transport requirements for synthetic slings, wire ropes and high-tension equipment during procurement
|
| 5. Inspection, Maintenance and Asset Management of Rigging Gear |
- • Lack of systematic inspection program for slings, shackles, chains, wire ropes, tensioning devices and harnesses leading to use of damaged or degraded equipment
- • No documented process for tagging, tracking and removing from service defective rigging components
- • Inadequate inspection competencies for personnel assessing complex items such as wire rope reeving systems, high-load tension lines and cable guides
- • Poor maintenance of offshore rigging gear exposed to saltwater, corrosion and high UV environments
- • Inconsistent or missing inspection records, making it difficult to demonstrate compliance or identify recurrent issues
- • Uncontrolled storage conditions causing deterioration of synthetic slings and wire ropes (e.g. UV exposure, chemical contamination, crushing)
- • Lack of scheduled testing and re-certification for lifting and rigging equipment used in critical operations
- • Failure to maintain and inspect personal fall protection and harness-based rigging equipment in line with manufacturer and Australian Standards
|
| 6. Planning and Control of Rigging Operations (Onshore and Offshore) |
- • Inadequate pre-planning of rigging and de-rigging operations leading to improvised systems of work
- • Lack of documented procedures for common rigging activities such as assembling rigging, loading rigging gear, attaching cords, chains and ropes, and tensioning cable guides
- • Insufficient consideration of access, egress, drop zones and interface with other trades during planning of heavy component installation or awning hoisting
- • No formal process for assessing environmental conditions (wind, swell, tides) before offshore rigging activities
- • Absence of a permit-to-work or authorisation system for high-risk rigging work (e.g. heavy lifts over public areas, high-load tensioning, offshore work)
- • Inadequate coordination of simultaneous operations, creating potential for rigging activities to interact with crane operations, traffic movement or work at height
- • Poor change management when rigging plans are altered on site in response to constraints or equipment availability
- • Lack of standard operating procedures for tensioning rigging gear and high-load tension lines, leading to over-tensioning and sudden release hazards
|
| 7. Communication, Coordination and Dogging Systems |
- • Lack of clear communication protocols between riggers, doggers, crane operators and supervisors during lifting operations
- • Inconsistent understanding of standard dogging signals and radio procedures across different crews and subcontractors
- • Inadequate planning for communication in noisy, confined, offshore or line-of-sight restricted environments
- • Multiple persons attempting to direct lifting operations without a single designated dogger or lift controller
- • Language barriers or literacy issues affecting understanding of rigging procedures, exclusion zones and emergency instructions
- • Poor coordination between rigging crews and other trades working adjacent to or below hoisting activities
- • No formal process for communicating changes to rigging plans, tensioning sequences or lifting configurations
- • Failure to communicate risks associated with high-load tension lines, including potential for snap-back zones and sudden release
|
| 8. Exclusion Zones, Load Path Management and Public Interface |
- • No systematic approach to establishing and maintaining exclusion zones beneath or adjacent to rigged loads, particularly for large-scale awnings and heavy components
- • Uncontrolled access by other workers or public into rigging and lifting areas, especially in live facilities or city streets
- • Inadequate planning of load paths resulting in loads travelling over public areas, occupied buildings or critical plant where alternatives exist
- • Poor signage and physical barriers around tensioned rigging systems and high-load tension lines, exposing people to snap-back or failure zones
- • Insufficient control of pedestrian and vehicle movements near offshore and quayside rigging operations
- • Failure to coordinate exclusion zones across multiple PCBUs working on the same site or structure
- • No defined policy restricting work under suspended loads or within potential collapse zones of large awnings or rigging frames
- • Lack of monitoring or enforcement of exclusion zones once established
|
| 9. Work at Height, Harness Systems and Fall Protection in Rigging |
- • Inadequate system-level controls for rigging work at height when installing heavy components, awnings or cable guides
- • Use of harness and rigging equipment without appropriate selection, inspection and rescue planning
- • Insufficient engineering controls (e.g. edge protection, work platforms) leading to over-reliance on personal fall-arrest systems
- • No documented rescue plans for workers suspended in harnesses during rigging or de-rigging activities
- • Improper integration of rigging anchor points with structural capacity and fall-arrest requirements
- • Inconsistent training in safe use of fall protection systems during rigging tasks, including connection methods and swing-fall hazards
- • Lack of coordination between rigging systems and temporary works (e.g. scaffolds, mast climbers) used for access
- • Poor management of dropped object risks associated with tools and rigging hardware used at height
|
| 10. Offshore and Remote Rigging Work Management |
- • Inadequate consideration of offshore-specific risks such as vessel movement, limited access, remoteness and severe weather when managing rigging systems
- • Poor integration of offshore operator safety management systems with contractor rigging procedures leading to gaps or conflicts
- • Fatigue and extended rosters for rigging crews working offshore or in remote locations impacting decision-making and communication
- • Constraints on emergency response, rescue and medical support for rigging incidents offshore
- • Insufficient corrosion control, inspection frequency and replacement planning for offshore rigging gear
- • Inadequate logistics planning for availability of certified rigging equipment and critical spares in remote or offshore locations
- • Limited supervision and auditing of rigging practices due to access and scheduling constraints
- • Challenges in maintaining training currency and competency assessments for riggers deployed offshore
|
| 11. Documentation, Record Keeping and Information Management |
- • Incomplete or inconsistent documentation of rigging risk assessments, lift plans, permits and inspections
- • Difficulty demonstrating compliance with WHS Act 2011 due to poor record keeping and version control of rigging procedures
- • Critical rigging information (e.g. WLL charts, engineered configurations, tensioning instructions) not readily accessible to workers and supervisors
- • Loss of traceability for rigging components, certifications and maintenance histories
- • Reliance on verbal instructions and undocumented changes to rigging plans increasing the risk of miscommunication
- • Insufficient retention and analysis of incident, near-miss and inspection data related to rigging operations
- • Unclear document ownership leading to out-of-date rigging procedures remaining in circulation
- • Lack of integration between contractor and principal contractor document systems on joint worksites
|
| 12. Incident Management, Investigation and Continuous Improvement for Rigging |
- • Under-reporting of rigging-related near misses, minor incidents and equipment failures, reducing learning opportunities
- • Superficial or delayed investigations into rigging events such as dropped loads, sling failures or tensioning incidents
- • Lack of root cause analysis focusing on system and management factors rather than individual blame
- • No formal process for implementing and tracking corrective actions arising from rigging incidents and audits
- • Limited sharing of lessons learned across projects, crews and subcontractors performing rigging work
- • Failure to review and update rigging procedures, training and engineering standards following significant incidents
- • Inadequate consideration of psychological harm, stress and fatigue impacts after serious rigging incidents
- • Absence of metrics and key performance indicators specific to rigging safety performance
|