Electrical hazards are among the most dangerous risks on construction sites. Understanding how to identify and control these hazards is essential for preventing serious injuries and fatalities.
Types of Electrical Hazards
Construction sites present multiple electrical hazards:
- Direct contact with live wires or equipment
- Indirect contact through conductive materials
- Arc flash from short circuits or equipment failure
- Electrical fires from faulty wiring or overloaded circuits
- Underground and overhead services that may be struck during excavation or crane work
Identifying Electrical Hazards on Site
Before work begins, conduct a thorough assessment:
- Locate services – Use dial-before-you-dig and service locators
- Check for overhead powerlines – Maintain safe approach distances
- Inspect electrical equipment – Look for damaged cords, missing guards, and weathering
- Review temporary power setups – Ensure proper installation and protection
- Identify wet areas – Water increases conductivity and risk
Control Measures
Apply the hierarchy of controls to electrical hazards:
Elimination and Substitution
- De-energize circuits before work where possible
- Use battery-powered tools instead of mains power
- Relocate work away from live electrical infrastructure
Engineering Controls
- Install residual current devices (RCDs) on all circuits
- Use physical barriers around switchboards and live equipment
- Ensure proper earthing and bonding
Administrative Controls
- Implement permit-to-work systems for electrical work
- Provide training on electrical safety awareness
- Display warning signs near electrical hazards
Personal Protective Equipment
- Insulated gloves and footwear for electrical workers
- Arc flash rated clothing where required
- Safety glasses and face shields
Emergency Response
Prepare for electrical emergencies:
- Know how to isolate power quickly
- Train workers on CPR and first aid for electric shock
- Have a clear emergency procedure displayed on site
- Ensure rescue equipment is available near high-risk areas
Key Takeaways
- Electrical hazards can cause serious injury or death – treat them with respect
- Always assume electrical equipment is live until proven otherwise
- Use RCDs on all temporary power supplies
- Maintain safe distances from overhead and underground services
- Train all workers to recognize electrical hazards
Need electrical safety documentation? View our electrical SWMS templates.